Professional Development Plan - 1601 Words

Professional development is the development of new or existing skills, knowledge and aptitudes to improve one’s marketablilty, portability, performance and self worth (McKellar, 1996). This paper outlines my top three professional goals, resources required for achieving these goals, and a resource constrained schedule. The strategic formulation of my goals, required resources and schedule coalesce to form my Professional Development Plan (PDP). The first goal is a short term goal required for financing the second goal which is my medium term goal. The final goal is a long term goal that is loosely coupled with my second goal. Goal 1: Develop and Launch an Integrated Organic Agricultural Project in One Year This section provides an†¦show more content†¦Also, provided is a brief description of the steps I intend to take to achive my goal. Moreover, I submit an explanation of how these steps utlilizes my personal strengths of financial acumen and being a quick learner; and exposes my weakness of sometimes taking on too much projects. Goal 2 Narrative I love studying new things and this has propelled my desire for lifelong learning. Completion of the DBA programme would satisfy my quest for new knowledge and lay the foundation for a rewarding career in business with specialization in Information Systems. Therefore, with a strong background in project management, I propose the following steps to accomplish my goal; a) phase 1 – pass all core courses; b) phase 2 – pass all specialized courses; and c) phase 3 – successfully defend my doctoral thesis. I will be funding my DBA education and training from personal resources. While, there are other options such as loans and scholarships, I have chosen this pathway to accomplishing my goal to minimize disruptions to my programme from failure by funding organizations to meet tight payment deadlines. Consequently, I can focus totally and my coursework and exhibit my techniques for quick learning. Nvertheless the DBA programme is one of the multiple projects that I am pursuing and I have to always guard against spreading myself too thin. Goal 2 Resources Book by StephenShow MoreRelatedProfessional Development Plan1604 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Development Plan The world is going through an era of rapid professional change and development. This has led to increased uncertainty for all professionals in the world of work. To ensure sustained growth in success and longevity of ones professional career, it is important to develop a strategic plan that focuses on training and developing a professional. Such a plan aims to put one in a position of advantage for employment in the long term in this rapidly changing professional worldRead MoreProfessional Development Plan896 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional Development Plan The group members of Learning Team A took a DISC assessment to determine their personality types, strengths and weaknesses, and areas needing improvement. The members of the group are (your name). The Professional Development Plan will describe the strengths and weaknesses of each personality type, characteristics each type share and characteristics that could cause conflict, and how each type can work together. Along with showing how I the manager can better my abilityRead MoreProfessional Development Plan2090 Words   |  9 PagesProfessional Development Plan AED 201 Teaching as a Profession August , 2010 Kymm Corbin The goals I have set for myself for the next five years are to becoming a successful, dependable, and productive teacher. 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Counselor Identity Statement I accept those aroundRead MorePurpose Of A Professional Development Plan1733 Words   |  7 PagesPurpose of a Professional Development Plan For many of us, self-improvement has taken on a central role in our lives. Part of the thought behind how we want to live our lives includes looking at the habits and lifestyles of people who have the same kind of values that we want to meet. Employers may also prefer to hire people who will take initiative to grow and develop their skills in years to come. Development involves reviewing and determining the various attributes of an individual as wellRead MoreProfessional Roles And Development Plan1206 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Roles and Development Plan The nursing workforce plays an essential role in our health care system and the role of nursing is evolving due to shortage of nurses, new emerging technology within the healthcare system and the needs to provide quality of care in the most cost effective ways. The focus of this paper is to analyze the roles and the required skills of the baccalaureate prepared nurse in the 21st century healthcare system. In addition, I will also describe my career developmentRead MoreNursing Professional Development Plan1383 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Development Plan: Professional development is entirely about constant learning and education to enable me as a nurse, deliver the paramount services to my patients and society. The reason for this assignment is to allow me to provide a depiction of my educational, professional background as well as personal goals correlated to the course work and the practicum. â€Å"Your professional development should NOT be random or ad hoc! Your learning should be well thought-out, systematic and managedRead MoreProfessional And Personal Development Plan810 Words   |  4 Pages Professional Personal Development Plan Hiqmat. D. Bello A professional development plan is a plan written by an individual that consist of an strength and weakness , opportunities and the likely challenges to be faced in his personal and development life. I will start here by explaining what my personal development plan are in relation to my strength and weaknesses. I willRead MoreProfessional Development Plan Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pagesposition so that I can prepare myself fully. I am currently working with exceptional adult students on all levels and will continue to pursue a teaching position at Benjamin Franklin elementary school as a full time teacher. As a long term plan for professional growth for staff members in student achievement, management skills, and staff morale is to identify areas of strengths as well as needs in employee performance such as leadership, taking responsibility for the progress of all students to ensureRead MoreProfessional Identity And Development Plan1202 Words   |  5 Pages 3012EHR Applied Human Resource Management and Change Professional Identity and Development Plan Nicole Brown – s2797706 21st August 2015 Where am I? What is my current situation? I am currently in my final year studying a Bachelor of Business majoring in Management and Logistics. I completed my high school education at a well respected school in Brisbane and received good grades, however, I was unsure of what career path I wanted to follow. I was accepted

Communism And The United States Essay - 1963 Words

English 6 10/25/16 XiaoQi Huang Mr. Tarallo Communism and the United States There is a common sense that a mighty country is built up with the freedom and liberty. It is expected to grant the citizens a right to raise their concerns and engage into the decision-making for the nation. To a great extent, this ideology shapes the identity of the United States and its political position towards the rise of communism, especially when â€Å"communism† has been referred as the idea of â€Å"tyranny† with the dictatorship after World War II. The horrified cognition of communism gets the Americans into panic, while the local government worries that the communist power would take over the United States. In response to the Red Scare was spread in the United States during 20th century, when the power of communists were getting increasingly stronger all over the world. In a way, the fear is tightly bound up with the political decision and the radical changes of the American thoughts. As a leading progenitor of Red Scare within the United States, A.Mitchell Palmer initially addressed his fear of Soviet power in his article â€Å"The Case Against the Reds† in 1920. He criticized ,â€Å"Robbery, not war, isShow MoreRelatedThe United States And The Threat Of Communism1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States and the Threat of Communism Over the course of the history of the United States of America, there have been numerous threats from various international countries. And with these numerous threats come different responses from the United States. Such as the French and the British during the 1790s, the U.S. government created the Alien and Sedition Acts The U.S. also had conflict with the British over the territory of Oregon,which ended in the creation Oregon Treaty. Later duringRead MoreThe Containment Of Communism And The United States2330 Words   |  10 Pagesfrom the point of view of the Cold War; the ultimate victory of the United States over the Soviet Union, Capitalism over Communism and the United States acting on behalf of the ËÅ"free people of the world. After 1945 and the end of the Second World War, America had emerged as a dominant power and triggered the development of an American ideal. This ideal was based on national pride, built up on the reality that the United States had never lost an ope n conflict war and their great economic and technologicalRead MoreThe Collapse Of Communism Was A Major Victory For The United States1231 Words   |  5 Pageswho had been oppressed under communism in East Germany. The transition let Germany govern themselves, ending the control of the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union. This event was important in America; because it symbolized the collapse of communism. It meant that the United States cold war with Russia was over, It recreated a trade relation with America and countries all over the world. The collapse of communism was a major victory for the United States. â€Å"By the summer of 1990, allRead MoreEcological Effects of Anti Communism Strategies by the United States1407 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the early stages of the Cold War (1945-1954), the United States became so dedicated to stopping the spread of communism that they completely ignored the potential ecological effects of their strategic decisions, signifying a complete disconnect from contemplative ecology. During this period under the Truman Administration, there was an overwhelming societal belief that national security concerns trump environmental safety. As a matter of fact, there was zero concern from the federal governmentRead More How The United States Contained Communism in the Cold War Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the cold war, the United States engaged in many aggressive policies both at home and abroad, in which to fight communism and the spread of communist ideas. Faced with a new challenge and new global responsibilities the U.S. needed to retain what it had fought so strongly for in World War II. It needed to contain the communist ideas pouring from the Soviet Union while preventing communist influence at home, without triggering World War III. With the policies of containment, McCarthyism, andRead More1950s Red Scare And Its Effects On The United States With Communism And Nuclear Espionage1239 Words   |  5 PagesCole Amadio US II Mr. Metz 12/2/15 1950s Red Scare In the 1950s there was a red scare that threatened the United States with communism and Nuclear espionage. The scare was questioned if it was conspiracy or not, but it was justified because of the spies and Soviet Union threatening the United states security. Through decryptions, trials and investigations these threats were justified because of the Venona project, the project was a secret organization that gathered and decrypted messages from sovietRead MoreCommunism And The Soviet Union Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesblocks. The eastern bloc popularly known as the United Socialist Soviet of Russia (USSR) and the western bloc dominated by United States and European countries. Now the Soviet Union supported socialist economic ideology and was prepared to ensure that the socialist countries remained socialist-by all means. On the other hand, United States and allies were for capitalism and were determined to spread it as far as possible. They detest socialism and communism because it was against building of businessRead MoreU.s. Involvement During The Korean War913 Words   |  4 PagesWar. It was also the first war the United Nations entered with many countries coming to add the First Republic of Korea. This war was not about winning but rather it was for stopping the spread of communism. The United States government feared communism because it threatened the American Ideal of freedom, liberty and economics while communism was a government that oppressed its people and controlled their economy. America theorized that the spread of communism would be similar to the domino effectRead MoreThe United States Involvement During The Vietnam War1514 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States involvement in the Vietnam War developed into one of the most brutal, yet necessary wars of The Cold War. Although the war was viewed poorly by most, it helped a weak, crumbling South Vietnam stand up to a strong powerful North Vietnam that was forcing communism on them. President Johnson even stated that â€Å"Our objective is the independence of South Vietnam and its freedom from attack.† The United States wanted to stop an oppressive government and to make sure the world is a saferRead MoreCommunism : A Great Evil1011 Words   |  5 PagesCommunism is a lot like a bad relationship. It looked good on paper. In regards to the world’s most feared form of government, two things have been historically recurring. First, communism falls when those in power fall victim to the vice of greed. And second, most important to the US-centric concerns of The West, the United States shows a consistent opposition to the ideals of communism. The most notable example of America’s great fear of the perceived evils of communism can be seen during the 1950s

Tccc Business Strategy Free Essays

string(114) " their resources to build a brand that is unique and known on a large scale throughout the world for its quality\." This report is centered on research of The Coca Cola Company (Global) in the carbonated beverage market. Various methods and models of analysis were used in examining the company’s market position and determining its strategic competitive advantage. The Pestel model and Porter’s five forces model was used to identify the company’s opportunities and threats. We will write a custom essay sample on Tccc Business Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The barriers to entry in the carbonated beverage market are really high which means that the threat of other companies successfully entering into the industry is low and this has been a big advantage for the company. Brand loyalty is another. People today in general are becoming increasingly aware of a healthier lifestyle in light of new information regarding nutrition and this has been a major threat to the company and the market in general. The Company’s strategic competitive advantage stems from its three main core competences. The manufacture and distribution system of its beverages (products), branding through marketing campaigns and the innovative nature of the company in its market are all major strengths. One thing special about the company is that it uses its resources in a way unique to its competitors and consumers see value in their product. The Coca Cola Company understands the clout of their stakeholders and they have set their strategic objectives to meet their individual demands. This message has been firmly implanted in the company’s mission statement. Coca cola competes on the basis of value added for customers. People will pay the premium over lesser brands for the coca cola product and this may be why they have chosen (from Porters model) a differentiation strategy. This has paid off for them. Their manufacturing and distribution system has been an effective business level strategy. The Coca Cola Company and its bottlers can work together to determine local responsiveness and produce products that best suit the local tastes in that particular geographical area. Amongst other business level strategies these two would have to be the most effective. The companies structure and systems lend there hands to the successful implementation of their planning. Without which it might not have its position within the carbonated beverage market today. Strategic Analysis External Analysis We looked at the external environment of the carbonated beverage industry using the pestel model and Porter’s five forces model to find the key trends or influences on the industry. People today in general are becoming increasingly aware of a healthier lifestyle in light of new information regarding nutrition. People are trying to eat and drink a lot healthier and as a result there has been an increase in market demand for drinks such as orange juice, water, and other healthier alternatives. This was once a threat to the business of The Coca – Cola Company. Instead they eliminated this threat through product diversification. As you may have seen The Coca – Cola Company has a product from most drink categories. The barriers to entry in the carbonated beverage market are really high which means that the threat of other companies successfully entering into the industry is low. Virgin once tried to enter into the industry with Virgin Cola and was unsuccessful because Coke and Pepsi were already too strong. The Coca Cola Company has already well established brand awareness and distribution channels and the production costs are also substantial in the industry. Creating brand awareness and achieving market acceptance is a very costly procedure, extensive market research needs to be undertaken to understand local tastes and preferences. The Coca Cola Company has arrangements with certain Fountain Outlets (MacDonald’s and Subway) who are contractually obliged to distribute only their drink product. There are many other fountain outlets that have existing contracts with one of the soft drink companies and this makes it harder for new entrants. The large quantity of marketing and propaganda has lead to increased brand loyalty and is a major strength for the Coca Cola Company. It has also lead to the brand Coca Cola being perceived as the premium Cola drink. The dominance of Coca Cola can be seen by the failure of the drink Virgin Cola. Because of the limited size of the market, the growth in market share of one brand will result in the decrease of another. The Coca – Cola Company has used the large amount of resources at their disposal to wage competitive war on PepsiCo and other brands and results have shown that they have come out on top. One of the major strengths of The Coca – Cola Company is its sheer size in the industry because of which it can effectively utilize economies of scale. TCCC concentration is on marketing the brand, new product development, researching future venture opportunities and warding off competition. Their operations take place in a very dynamic environment and therefore innovation is vital to their success. Internal Analysis The company as the leading brand of carbonated beverages has a number of core competencies which it utilizes to give it its strategic competitive advantage (SCA) in the market. The manufacture and distribution of non alcoholic beverages The process of manufacture and distribution of Coca Cola products is unique to the industry. The Coca Cola Company has different bottling partners throughout the globe which manufacture and bottle the final product which the end consumer ultimately receives. The Coca Cola Company produces the concentrates and syrups of the products itself and then sells the rights to manufacture the products to its bottling partners. They do not control the policies and programs of these bottling partners, but they do have mutual self-interests and therefore work together to find common ground and take common action in many areas. Through this system they can effectively devise the appropriate strategy for responding to the needs of the local environment. Branding through marketing campaigns The Coca Cola Company has put a lot of emphasis over the years on creating and maintaining its brand name through large scale marketing campaigns. They have effectively used their resources to build a brand that is unique and known on a large scale throughout the world for its quality. You read "Tccc Business Strategy" in category "Papers" This has led to a brand loyalty factor. Innovation: Product, packaging, equipment and marketing Coca Cola is always bringing out new carbonated beverages. Through the use of its resources and technology, it has led the innovation of new, improved, and different soft drinks around the world. A recent example of this from Coca Cola is â€Å"Jianchi† meaning strong inner energy in Chinese, the drink, made with fruit juices and plant extracts and available in three flavors is inspired by ancient Chinese wisdom to enhance the inner balance. The Coca Cola Company has invented a bottle which is made from a blend of petroleum-based materials and up to 30 percent plant-based materials named the ‘plant bottle’. It is a significant development in sustainable packaging innovation. The new bottle reduces carbon emissions by up to 25 percent, compared with petroleum-based PET, and is 100% recyclable. â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company is the first company to introduce a beverage bottle made with recycled plastic has been focused on ensuring the sustainability of its packaging for decades. It has put resources behind creating packaging that is recyclable and investing in recycling infrastructure to ensure that its packages are collected, recycled and re-used†. The Company has built the world’s largest recycling plant with the ambition of reducing costs and the amount of materials in their packaging through recycling. The packaging being lighter will also reduce the cost of fuel on delivery etc. To increase the market for recycled materials, The Coca Cola Company has also released a line of merchandise which is made from 100% recycled material. Overall the innovation of recycled packaging will reduce costs, prevent waste and maximize value over the life of the product and inadvertently adding value to the Coca Cola brand. Coca Cola won the Gold lion in the point of sale category at the 2009 Cannes lion’s international advertising festival with the â€Å"video vendor† being the latest innovation in vending machines. It is believed to create a uniquely immersive experience for consumers. Strategic Directions; Strategic Objectives Vision The vision of Coca Cola â€Å"specifies what the organization could achieve if it performed perfectly† (Viljoen and Dann, 2003:97) â€Å"To refresh the world, to inspire moments of optimism and happiness and to create value and make a difference† Mission The mission statement of The Coca Cola Company has all the elements a good mission statement should have. It specifies the company’s commitment to their shareholders. Their mission is to: Achieve sustainable quality growth, be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be, bring the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy peoples desires and needs, nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, be a responsible citizen that makes a difference be helping build and support sustainable communities, maximise long term return to s hareholders while being mindful of our overall responsibilities and be a highly effective, lean and fast moving organisation. |Stakeholder |Salience |Stakeholder demands / needs |strategic objective(s) to address | | | |that must be satisfied |stakeholder demands / needs | |   |   |   | | | | | | |Shareholders |Definitive |High dividends growth in share |Growth in profitability | | | |price |Increase in revenue | | | | |Financial stability | | | | |Efficiency | | | | |Research and development | |   |   |   |   | | | | | | |Customers |Dominant |Quality products at lowest price |Social Responsibility | | | |socially and environmentally aware |Product quality and service | | | | |Higher level of customer satisfaction | | | | |than rivals | | | | |Research and development | | | | |Focus on the needs of consumers, | | | | |customers, and franchise partners | | | | |Listen, observe and learn in the market | |   |   |   |   | | | | | | |Employees |Dominan t |All employee benefits satisfied |Employee welfare | | | |Clean and safe working environment |Financial stability | | |Friendly working environment |Be a great place to work where | | | |Job security |people are inspired to be the best | | | | |they can be | |   |   | |   | | | | | | |Community |Dominant |Minimal environmental impact |Social responsibility | | | |Support the community |Be a responsible citizen that makes a | | | | |difference by helping build and support | | | | |sustainable communities | | | | |Support charities and community | | | | |organizations | | | | |Research and Development – | | | | |Environmentally friendly products | | | | |Possess a world view | |   |   |   |   | | | | | | |Suppliers / Bottlers |Dominant |Network and communication |Nurture a winning network of customers | | | |Reliability |and suppliers, to together create mutual | | | |Support |and endearing value | | | | |Research and evelopment | |   |   |   |    | | | | | | |Government |Dormant |Abide by the laws and legislation |Abide by the law | | | |governing each county TCCC has |Be mindful of overall responsibilities | | | |its products | | |   |   |   |   | The strategic objectives of The Coca Cola Company are in alignment with the demands of each of its stakeholders. Its strategic objectives are firmly bound within its mission statement showing their commitment to upholding their responsibilities to meeting the demands of all possible stakeholders. Key Strategies – Current Using Ansoff’s product / market strategies model it can be determined that The Coca Cola Company is pursuing a product development / diversification strategy. This means that their aim is to keep distributing new products into the same existing market as well as look for opportunities in new markets. An example is the release of Jianchi a new product made from fruit juices and plant extracts. Miles and Snow’s adaptive strategies model reveals that the company is in the prospector / defender position in the market. The company is a prospector leading change in the industry through creating new products and identifying new opportunities in the market place. High innovation is key in the prospector business strategy. However it could be said that it is a defender as well in terms of the original coca cola product and its position in the Cola market. They are defending vigorously focusing on high quality and creating barriers to entry. Their position on strategy is characterized by stable growth, profits, efficiency and flexibility in a dynamic environment. Their business structure is flat / loose and authority is decentralized within the organization. The high level of innovation can be seen through the company’s marketing at a functional level with the recent release of the new four and a half minute Music Video released by The Coca Cola Company titled – â€Å"open Happiness† which has taken marketing in the carbonated beverage industry to a new level. Coca cola competes on the basis of value added for customers. People will pay the premium over lesser brands for the coca cola product and this may be why they have chosen (from Porters model) a differentiation strategy. In the past the company has focused cost leadership however this sometimes leads to lowered market entry barriers this has led them to a differentiation strategy and a focus on pervasive penetration, preference and price related value. Due to economies of scale Coca Cola has the opportunity to be a low cost provider and undercut Pepsi’s prices but from what we can see it chooses the differentiation strategy and distributes its products at a premium. A possible reason why they may not have chosen a cost leadership strategy is that it can generally be seen as a weak competitive advantage. Competitors may undercut you and it is easily emulated as well as difficult to sustain over time. In order to differentiate from the conventional Coke product, The Coca Cola Company has produced / innovated other such products as cherry coke, vanilla coke and diet coke and it has undertaken competitive marketing against such companies as PepsiCo and Cadbury / Schweppes to advertise how their products are so different and better in quality. The Coca Cola Company has employed a strategy which closely resembles a multidomestic strategy. A multidomestic strategy is characterized as being â€Å"orientated towards local responsiveness†, establishing â€Å"semiautonomous national units in each country in which it operates to produce and customize products to local markets†. It does this in a unique way in collaboration with its bottling. Together The Coca Cola Company and all its bottlers form one system called The Coca Cola System. The benefit of this strategy is that The Coca Cola Company and its bottlers can work together to determine local responsiveness and produce products that best suit the local tastes in that particular geographical area. We have seen this strategy in action with the introduction of the Coca Cola equivalent of red bull being â€Å"Mother† the energy drink being release certain regions but not others. Strategic Implementation; General Perspective Evidence of unrealized strategy The Coca Cola Company was set for the acquisition of the Huiyuan Juice business in China around March earlier this year, which looked to agree with their product development / diversification and differentiation strategy. Unfortunately the Chinese Ministry of Commerce (MOC) decided to decline approval for the proposed purchase. Coke released a statement saying: â€Å"We will now focus all of our energies and expertise on growing our existing brands and continuing to innovate with new brands, including in the juice segment. † The innovation of one of their newest products – â€Å"Jianchi† came approximately around this time. Apart from minor setbacks such as the failure of the Chinese juice company merger and acquisition, the coca cola company has implemented its strategies of diversification and differentiation well and this can be seen in the popularity of their products and their prosperous position in the carbonated beverage market. Key Strategic Implementation Issues Using the Mckinsey 7’s’ model we found that the three major strategic implementation issues that confront The Coca Cola Company is structure, style and systems. Structure The Coca Cola Company has in the past gone through major restructuring of its organization. It has cut out various levels and moved to a more multi-domestic structure. A couple of years ago they restructured their operations in both North America and internationally. â€Å"Not to save pennies but to simplify decision making and expedite the speed in which we can execute†. To this day they continue to refine their business structure. In June 2009 they integrated three core functions for a new business structure: Global Business Services, Global Information Technology and Transformational productivity. This will allow the company to deliver services that are highly dependent on technology and standardized processes to its business units in a more effective and efficient way. Style Amongst the list of The Coca Cola Company’s seven â€Å"values† includes integrity and accountability. Muhtar Kent the current CEO of the company was caught betting against the company’s stock allegedly based on insider information then claimed not to know that his actions were illegal. This does not constitute good leadership and could however be classified as an implementation issue for the company. The style of leadership a CEO shows can have a massive effect on the shared values or culture of an organization. So far there are no further signs of further situations like the one described above by the CEO and the company is continuing to improve. The signs point towards Muhtar Kent redeeming his reputation in the company. Systems The Coca Cola Company has the largest beverage distribution service in the world. With close to 1. 6 billion servings a day consumed in over 200 countries, The Coca Cola Company has had to develop effective and efficient system to cope with the magnitude of the business. Systems are as important to The Coca Cola Company as they are to any business. The distribution system of their products is unlike any other in the industry. It ties in with their business structure closely resembling a multi-domestic organizational structure. The Coca-Cola Company frequently utilizes promotional merchandise to connect consumers with its brands. It is critical that all such merchandise make a positive impression upon consumers. It is important that they monitor quality control not just for their concentrates and syrups but also on their promotional merchandise. The organization of The Coca Cola Company comprises many systems which enable the company to run smoothly. It takes strong successful systems for a company to survive and they can also give a company its strategic competitive advantage. However they must also be monitored and evaluated. TCCC has a triple bottom line approach to reporting and they utilize the balanced scorecard to achieve this. Evaluation of Strategy – Current / Future Efficient evaluation has been implemented through a triple bottom line reporting approach. They understand due to their large public profile they have to maintain a focus not just on financial reporting but also on their social responsibilities and the environment. The balanced scorecard is used in their financial reports based on key performance indicators to measure their performance in implementing their strategic objectives. The message is therefore communicate to their stakeholders through their general purpose financial reports (GPFR). References Textbooks Hill et al. 2007, Strategic Management: An integrated approach 2ed, Wiley and Sons. Page: 4 – 19, 64 – 72 Internet News Article I’d like to sell the world a Coke http://www. nytimes. com/ref/business/20070527_COKE_GRAPHIC. tml Viewed: 10:52 Monday 31st August The Coca Cola Company Website: Innovation http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/ourcompany/innovation. html Viewed: 4:59 Monday 31st August The Coca Cola Company Website: The System The Coca Cola logo (used above) is a registered trademark of The Coca Cola Company http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/ourcompany/the_cocacola_system. html Viewed: 4:59 Monday 31st August Strategic management http://www. docstoc. com/docs/10713752/Strategic-Management Viewed: 4:00 Saturday 10 October 2009 Brand Spotlight: Coca-Cola http://www. brandingstrategyinsider. com/2007/04/brand_spotlight. html Viewed: 6:31 Sunday 11 October 2009 Organization Strategies: Strategies used in Coca Cola http://www. findfreecollegeessays. com/show_essay/47865. html Viewed: 6:40 Sunday 11 October 2009 Open Happiness: Music Video http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=Cxfkg3RaRjsfeature=related Viewed: 4:53 Saturday 10 October 2009 THE COCA-COLA COMPANY INTRODUCES INNOVATIVE BOTTLE MADE FROM RENEWABLE, RECYCLABLE, PLANT-BASED PLASTIC http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/presscenter/nr_20090514_plantbottle. html Viewed: 10:16 Sunday 11 October 2009 ACQUISITION OF HUIYUAN JUICE GROUP IN CHINA NOT TO PROCEED http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/presscenter/nr_20090318_huiyan_juice. html Viewed: 11:37 Sunday 11 October 2009 How to cite Tccc Business Strategy, Papers

Comparison Online News Publication and Video Reports - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Online News Publication and Video Reports. Answer: Introduction This is a textual a critical, political and economy and textual analysis essay highlighting the following news item. The news item addresses the suspicion that has been raised by the North Korea defense officials after the American craft career USS Carl Vinson was spotted heading to the North amidst the current tension between the United States and North Korea. This essay compares online news publication and video reports. The online publication by CNBC on its website on 18th April 2009 reported, USS Carl Vinson wasnt headed for North Korea when defense officials said it was. And the video report by Arirang News reported, USS Carl Vinson enters Korean waters hours after North Koreas missile launch. The NBC online publication shows a photo of The Nimitz-class aircraft career USS Carl Vinson (CVN70) in the Indian Ocean. According to this report the photos released by the navy showed that CVN 70 was far off the Korean Peninsula with speculation that it was heading there for a show of fo rce. This has occurred at a time when there is increased tension between America and North Korea. This is likely to make the readers raise different opinions based on textual analysis and also critical political economy. On the other hand, the video report by Arirang the heading explains in depth the reason why USS Carl Vinson is heading to North Korea, the viewer immediately gets the information from the title itself and by watching and listening to the report saying that USS was initially heading to Australia but instead headed to North Korea following a command from the US Pacific Command. The title of the report by CNBC creates suspicion so the reader can continue reading the article and know what where the aircraft was heading to. Critical, political and textual analysis According to Lee (2011), a critical political economy is a critical approach to communication studies. This is a Marxist approach in the study of communication. This approach focuses on the effects of access to communication technology, capitalism, and cultural industries on the social, economic classes. It also focuses on the effect of corporate ownership of media products. The critical political economy is concerned on whether the economics of productions determines the information given and does it lead to change the meaning of a text. According to Graham (2014), political economy determines the production, distribution, exchange and consumption which is the economic part of it while politically it focuses on the production of power, distribution, exchange and exercise of power. For example, in the reports by CNBC and Arirang News, USA uses the USS Carl Vinson aircraft carrier to show political and economic power to warn North Korea against the attempt to test a nuclear missile. The critical political approach emphasizes on the domination of the media industry by the elite groups in the society. The elite uses the media as a commodity to generate profits and spreads their ideology. For instance, Airang New and CNBC have different agendas which are determined by the ownership and background of the corporation. The power distribution in the society has a big influence on the media. Economically the media corporations are looking forward to maximizing their profits through delivering news as the product or good. According to Frey et, al (1999), a textual analysis is a method of communication used to interpret the characteristics of a recorded or visual message. The textual analysis involves the determination of the type and appropriateness of the texts to be studied and the approach to be used in analyzing the texts. Critical Political Economy and textual analysis can be used together to derive political and economic meanings from written or recorded information. The approach of delivering information through online platforms in a written form is quite different from the one used in the television. This is because of the different in the target audience. According to Smythe (1981), economic relationship has a major influence on the media industry which targets the attention of the audiences with the aim of selling their attentive abilities to the advertisers. According to Sytaffel (2013), in the past, there were no media advertisements as the media was funded by the central governments with an aim to inform and entertain the public. However, with the development of the modern communication technology, there are many global media networks have commercialized the media. There has a great competition between the media houses to capture audiences. Many media house have emerged with different sources of funding. The new media corporation have brought completion to a market that was previously dominated by major media corporations such as BBC who have been enjoying the monopoly over the years. Today the media corporations are competing to provide information that will attract many huge audiences. The platform which the media used to reach its audiences determines the approach they use. For instance, by comparing the online published report by CNBC and the video report by Arirang News, the title used to address a similar event are different. CNBC title aims at attracting the attention of the viewer by creating suspense, therefore, triggering the desire of the reader to get full information by reading the article. On the other hand, in the report by Arirang the viewer is able to get a full image of the report by just viewing and reading the title of the report, and there they become attentive to view and listen to get the full information. Here, the mode of access to information by the target audience determines the framing of the titles. In the past, certain groups in the society, such as priests, kings, soldiers, and scientists had the privilege to access certain kinds of information thus they enjoyed a monopoly on the access to specific knowledge (Innis, 1950). According to Sytaffel (2013), there has been a major development in political economy communication in the 20th century. In contemporary society, political, economic implications of the new media have brought major changes in the character and functioning of the society. The innovation of mass media brought many changes in in communication. Other than the traditional methods of communication such as televisions, radios and newspaper technology has brought multifunctional computers and tablets which allow people to access information from the internet. This has made accessibility of information easy and thus media corporations that used traditional method have been forced to adapt new methods. The approach of presenting information is also different while usi ng the mass media and traditional forms like television. The television provides summarized information with the aid of pictures to bring a better understanding to the viewer for example, in the report by Airang, the USS Carl Vinson is seen in a convoy of Japanese ships. The scene provided aids in making the viewer have a deeper understanding. On the other hand, CNBC report uses a photo of USSR Carl Vinson carrying war crafts. This does not provide detailed information on the situation, and the reader can only get the full information by reading the report, which provides more information in writing. According to Chomskey and Herman (1988), the mass media systems are used for communicating message and symbols to the general populace. This is because they play a part in entertaining and informing the people it is being used to instill values, beliefs, and code of behaviors to help them fit in the structures of the society. The society is mainly focused on wealth creation thus resulting in a conflict of interest between the social classes. To attain their interest social classes use systematic propaganda (Innis, 1942). The social media has been used to as an ideological propaganda to neutralize ruling class ideology. However, the ruling class is still able to filter what it wants the general public to hear. Chomskey and Herman identified five structural filters of information which includes the size and ownership of media corporations, the established economic model of generating revenues, use of trusted sources to convey information, the ability of financially and politically powe rful individuals to hide negative media information and an ideological filter used to generate consent. The ideology of media filter still exists especially in the midst of terror wars in the recent years (Klaehn, 2009). In the information provided by the Airang and NCBC, the Information given is just necessary to inform the audiences, but a comprehensive information on why the US decided to act that way is not known. According to Boyd Ellison (2008), the accessibility of internet in many parts of the world has led to a rapid growth of online communication. Organizations are now using their websites to convey their messages. The consumers of the information access the channels of communication through the internet. Users pay for the internet services and also consume the content advertised by the capitalist just like in the traditional media. Corporations are now using online platforms to interact with their audiences by getting opinions from them. Modern communications media is being used to integrate the capitalist system to the society and increasing political centrality and allow people to exercise full citizenship in the society. According to Murdock and Golding (1989), the modern mass media will allow people to access information advice and analysis that would enable them to understand their rights and exercise them appropriately. Mass media will allow certain information to be broadcasted to the public and would be subject to debate on areas that involve political choices this will enable the public to propose useful alternatives. According to Golding and Murdock (1969), Liberal economists argues that in the market consumers choose commodities on the basis of how they will use them to satisfy their needs. The greater the options to choose from in the market the greater the freedom of the consumer. In the media industry, the mass media have provided diverse platforms where the consumers of media products such as news can access them for instance; YouTube is used in passing information in written and also through streaming of videos. Consumers, therefore, can choose to use the most convenient and approach to access the information needed. The media corporations have also adopted different platforms to reach the consumers. For example, NCBC has used online and television services to provide news. The media can influence the perception of the people through the news proprietors. Some of the media corporations have dominated the market nod abuse their power to reach a wider audience that their competitors. Comparing CNBC and Airang News, NCBC has a wider network. Critical political economists are concerned on they will present their news to reach their target audience. Conclusion The consumption of the news will depend on the medium used that is the online publication of videos. Published information is less effective that video or visual mediums. In the case presented in this essay, CNBC has used published news while Airang has used video report. The published news by CNBC requires reading and analysis by the audience. Therefore, the target audience must have the capacity to read. On the other, hand, the audience can easily understand the information by viewing the footage of the video and the audience will understand even without the reading capacity. The audience that cannot read the written news cannot understand the information provided by CNBC while information presented in video by Airand from include sounds which make the news lively and it can also be consumed by people who are deaf, and those of cannot read or see. In this case, NCBC has provided a biased information which does not meet the needs of every consumer while on the other hand, Airang has provided detailed and accurate information which is accessible to all audiences. However, because NCBC has the wider political influence it able to reach a wider audience that Airang. This clearly shows the incorporation of the capitalist system in the media industry. References Boyd, M Ellison, NB 2008, Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13, 210-230. Chomskey N Herman, E 1988, Manufacturing concent: The Political Economy of mass media. Pantheon Books. New York. Frey, L Botan, C Kreps, G 1999, Investigating communication: An introduction to research methods. (2nd ed.) Boston: Allyn Bacon Golding, P Murdock, G 1996, Culture, communications, and political economy. In J. Curran and M Gurevitch (Eds.), Mass media and society (pp. 11-30). London: Arnold. Graham, P 2014, Political Economy of Communication: A critique. The University of Waterloo. Pp 2-7 Innis, HA 1942, The newspaper in economic development. Journal of Economic History, 2, [Issue supplement]: The Tasks of Economic History: 1-33. Klaehn, J 2009, The propaganda model: Theoretical and methodological considerations. Win master. Available from: https://westminsterpapers.org/articles/10.16997/wpcc.123/ Lee, H 2011, Critical political economy. Civil media. Marx, K 1967, The fetishism of commodities and the secret thereof.Capital,1, 71 Smythe, D 1981, On the audience commodity and its work. Dependency road: Communications, Capitalism, Consciousness, and Canada. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex, pp. 22-51 Sytaffel, 2013, The audience commodity. Media studies. Available from: https://mediatexthack.wordpress.com/2013/12/05/the-audience-commodity/

Disembarkation Processes Essay Example

Disembarkation Processes Paper 1(a): Disembarkation and Transit processes Passport and visa requirements General immigration procedures Once passengers have arrived from their journey to Heathrow airport, they go through immigration and immigration officers will check their passports and visas to make sure that only those who have a right to enter the country do so. The immigration process can be extremely quick if the flight is between two European Union countries. However, non-EU resident enter through a different channel, where they are subjected to more severe checks. Procedures for Asylum seekers Asylum seekers fleeing from their country arrive to UK airports with no documents, asking for asylum will be questioned by immigration officers, who will detain them in detention centres until it is decided if they should be allowed to stay in the UK. Validity requirements for EU passport holders and Visas Holders of EU passports are able to travel freely within Europe but passengers with other passports may be subjected to various requirements such as passports validity and visas. Customs Before entering the country, passengers are required to go through customs in UK airports; European Union Countries usually have three customs channels: the green (nothing to declare), the red (goods to declare) and the blue for arrivals from countries within the European Union. Customs officers watch passengers thoroughly and have the right to stop any passenger they consider to be suspicious. They also check if passengers are carrying the legal import limits and remove items which are restricted or banned in the arrival country. Luggage reclaims Passenger assistance We will write a custom essay sample on Disembarkation Processes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Disembarkation Processes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Disembarkation Processes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Heathrow airport Customer Service Hosts at the information desks are more than happy to help passengers with queries and general enquiries including transfers and directions to baggage reclaim. Lost and damaged luggage procedures At Gatwick airport, if any passenger’s luggage is lost or damaged they must first contact the airline that brought them to Gatwick airport because the airlines are responsible for the safe and proper handling of their passengers’ luggage from the time they check it in to the time it reaches the reclaim area. Outsized luggage pick up At Gatwick airport, outsized baggage such as skis and bicycles arrive in a separate area or are brought into the baggage reclaim on trolleys by baggage handlers. Arrival facilities For passengers Once passengers have arrived in the landside area at Gatwick airport they will find facilities including information desks, currency exchange, car hire, public transport and cash machines. For meeting air passengers Meeting passengers waiting in Gatwick airport arrivals hall are provided with facilities including shops, coffee bars and information screens or monitors showing flight arrival information. Gatwick airport also provide meeting passengers with a short stay car park close to the terminal. For unaccompanied Unaccompanied minors arriving at UK airports are usually handed over by a member of the airline to the person designated by the parent or guardian and the receiving adult has to provide photo identification before the child can be released in their care. Transit passengers Passenger transfer Transit passengers transferring to another flight at Gatwick airport can wait at the airport terminal until their new flight is ready to board or book into an on-airport hotel. Luggage procedures Usually in UK airports if a passenger’s trip involves several connecting flights between different airlines they may be able to check in their luggage just once for the entire journey and their luggage will automatically be transferred to their new flight. Minimum connection times Heathrow airport recommend that passengers allow an extra 30 minutes on to minimum connecting times to reach their connecting flights. The minimum connecting time between terminals 1 and 2 is 1 hour 30 minutes and between terminals 2 and 3 or 4 is takes 1 hour 40 minutes. Lounges Many UK airports provide airport lounges for transit passengers willing to wait at the airport until their new flight is ready to board. Missed connection procedures When a passenger misses their connecting flight as a result of airline delays or weather conditions, the airline usually re-books the passenger on the next available flight or provides accommodations and meals if the flight departs the next morning. However, if something within the passenger’s control causes them to miss the connection, they are essentially on your own are not entitled to compensation from the airline

Biography of Anne Frank, Writer of Powerful WWII Diary

Biography of Anne Frank, Writer of Powerful WWII Diary Anne Frank (born Annelies Marie Frank; June 12, 1929–March 1945) was a Jewish teenager who spent two years hiding in a Secret Annex in Nazi-occupied Amsterdam during World War II. While she died in the Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp at age 15, her father survived and found and published Annes diary. Her diary has since been read by millions of people and has turned Anne Frank into a symbol of the children murdered during the Holocaust. Fast Facts: Anne Frank Known For:  Jewish teenager whose diary chronicled hiding in Nazi-occupied AmsterdamAlso Known As:  Annelies Marie FrankBorn:  June 12, 1929 in Frankfurt am Main, GermanyParents: Otto and Edith FrankDied:  March 1945 in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp near Bergen, GermanyEducation: Montessori school, Jewish LyceumPublished Works:  Diary of Anne Frank (also known as Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl)Notable Quote: Its a wonder I havent abandoned all my ideals, they seem so absurd and impractical. Yet I cling to them because I still believe, in spite of everything, that people are truly good at heart.   Early Childhood Anne Frank was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany as the second child of Otto and Edith Frank. Annes sister Margot Betti Frank was three years older. The Franks were a middle-class, liberal Jewish family whose ancestors had lived in Germany for centuries. The Franks considered Germany their home, so it was a very difficult decision for them to leave Germany in 1933 and start a new life in the Netherlands, away from the anti-Semitism of the newly empowered Nazis. The Move to Amsterdam After moving his family in with Ediths mother in Aachen, Germany, Otto Frank moved to Amsterdam, Netherlands in the summer of 1933 so that he could establish a Dutch firm of Opekta, a company that made and sold pectin (a product used to make jelly). The other members of the Frank family followed a bit later, with Anne being the last to arrive in Amsterdam in February 1934. The Franks quickly settled into life in Amsterdam. While Otto Frank focused on building up his business, Anne and Margot started at their new schools and made a large circle of Jewish and non-Jewish friends. In 1939, Annes maternal grandmother also fled Germany and lived with the Franks until her death in January 1942. The Nazis Arrive in Amsterdam On May 10, 1940, Germany attacked the Netherlands. Five days later, the country officially surrendered. Now in control of the Netherlands, the Nazis quickly began issuing anti-Jewish laws and edicts. In addition to no longer being able to sit on park benches, go to public swimming pools, or take public transportation, Anne could no longer go to a school with non-Jews. Persecution Increases In September 1941, Anne had to leave her Montessori school to attend the Jewish Lyceum. In May 1942, a new edict forced all Jews over the age of 6 to wear a yellow Star of David on their clothes. Since the persecution of Jews in the Netherlands was extremely similar to the early persecution of Jews in Germany, the Franks could foresee that life was only going to get worse for them. The Franks realized they needed to find a way to escape. Unable to leave the Netherlands because the borders were closed, the Franks decided the only way to escape the Nazis was to go into hiding. Nearly a year before Anne received her diary, the Franks had begun organizing a hiding place. Going Into Hiding For Annes 13th birthday (June 12, 1942), she received a red-and-white-checkered autograph album that she decided to use as a diary. Until she went into hiding, Anne wrote in her diary about everyday life such as her friends, the grades she received at school, and even playing ping pong. The Franks had planned on moving to their hiding place on July 16, 1942, but their plans changed when Margot received a call-up notice on July 5, 1942, summoning her to a labor camp in Germany. After packing their final items, the Franks left their apartment at 37 Merwedeplein the following day. Their hiding place, which Anne called the Secret Annex, was located in the upper-rear portion of Otto Franks business at 263 Prinsengracht. Miep Gies, her husband Jan, and three other employees of Opetka all helped feed and protect the hiding families. Life in the Annex On July 13, 1942 (seven days after the Franks arrived in the Annex), the van Pels family (called the van Daans in Annes published diary) arrived at the Secret Annex to live. The van Pels family included Auguste van Pels (Petronella van Daan), Hermann van Pels (Herman van Daan), and their son Peter van Pels (Peter van Daan). The eighth person to hide in the Secret Annex was the dentist Friedrich Fritz Pfeffer (called Albert Dussel in the diary), who joined them on November 16, 1942. Anne continued writing her diary from her 13th birthday on June 12, 1942, until August 1, 1944. Much of the diary is about the cramped and stifling living conditions as well as the personality conflicts between the eight that lived together in hiding. Anne also wrote about her struggles with becoming a teenager. During the two years and one month that Anne lived in the Secret Annex, she wrote regularly about her fears, hopes, and character. She felt misunderstood by those around her and was constantly trying to better herself. Discovered and Arrested Anne was 13 years old when she went into hiding and was 15 when she was arrested. On the morning of August 4, 1944, an SS officer and several Dutch Security Police members pulled up to 263 Prinsengracht around 10 or 10:30 a.m. They went directly to the bookcase that hid the door to the Secret Annex and pried it open. All eight people living in the Secret Annex were arrested and taken to Westerbork camp in the Netherlands. Annes diary lay on the ground and was collected and safely stored by Miep Gies later that day. On September 3, 1944, Anne and everyone who had been hiding were put on the very last train leaving Westerbork for Auschwitz. At Auschwitz, the group was separated and several were soon transported to other camps. Death Anne and Margot were transported to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp at the end of October 1944. In late February or early March of the following year, Margot died of typhus, followed just a few days later by Anne, also from typhus. Bergen-Belsen was liberated on April 12, 1945. Legacy Miep Gies saved Annes diary after the families were arrested and returned it to Otto Frank when he came back to Amsterdam following the war. This is the legacy of your daughter Anne, she said as she gave him the documents. Otto recognized the literary strength and the importance of the diary as a document that bore witness to the first-hand experience of Nazi persecution. The book was published in 1947 and has been translated into 70 languages and is considered to be a world classic. Successful stage and film adaptations have been made of the book. The Diary of Anne Frank (also known as Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl) is understood by historians to be especially important because it shows the horrors of the Nazi occupation through the eyes of a young girl. The Anne Frank House museum in Amsterdam is a major tourist spot that brings global visitors closer to understanding this period of history. Sources Frank, Anne. Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl. Doubleday, 1967.â€Å"The Publication of the Diary.†Ã‚  Anne Frank Website.United States Holocaust Memorial Museumï » ¿.

Public International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public International Law - Essay Example This led to the establishment of the international legal system. The main purpose of this system is to promote justice for all persons all around the world. This system has many advantages and benefits. However, many of the supporters of it seem to look through rose-colored glasses and ignore numerous shortcomings. In this work we will try to reveal positive and negative aspects of the international legal system with regard to the following issues: international antiterrorism law and recognition of new states. The urgent need for international legislation about the antiterrorism arose after the events of the 11th September, 2001. Before these events the international community relied more on diplomatic, economic and strategic means to manage international terrorism. But the attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon, the United States and the other countries of the world began to muse over more effective means to fight terrorism and now the international community decided to introduce a military response to it /Lozada, 2006/. Since that time antiterrorism legislation became a matter of global concern and closer investigation. It appeared that drafting and implementation of international antiterrorism laws is not an easy task because this law â€Å"crosses boundaries between states and between domestic, regional and international law as well as traditional disciplinary boundaries between administrative, constitutional, criminal, immigration, military law and the law of war† /Ramraj, Hor & Roach, 2005/. We will list some main problems of the international antiterrorism law, which influence its effectiveness in protection of all people. The first problem is the absence of single international definition of terrorism. The International Convention Against Terrorist Strikes with Explosives (1997) and the International Convention for the Persecution of Terrorist Financing (1999) tried to provide the definition of terrorism. However, like the

Challenges in Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Challenges in Writing - Essay Example For example, after writing about the ‘moment of truth’ in my protagonist’s life (in a short story I wrote), I pondered for a long time for an alternative word but had to be satisfied with ‘the yes moment’ and then still unhappily replaced it with ‘the cool moment’. Similarly I had to spend a sleepless night being unable to break free from the ‘having said that’ and ‘at the end of the day’ syndromes in my writing. To disentangle one’s thought process from the mundane discourses of one’s own mind is another great challenge, as far as I am concerned. This demands great amount of concentration and clarity. This approach to writing is rooted in attaining a crystal clear consciousness when one starts writing, which can surely be cultivated. It is an unconditional opening up of one’s senses to the surroundings so that you can hear a cuckoo’s song heard from far away (which otherwise you may n ot even notice), you can hear the feeble murmurings of wind, and also you can feel forgotten experiences and memories from distant recesses of the past. In such a moment of deep contemplation, I always had the experience of new words, new sensations and new ideas pouring in.

INMATE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

INMATE - Essay Example nto consideration the situation through which John is undergoing, it will be important not only to himself, but also to his family to be transferred to a medium security correctional facility, closer to his home area. However, when putting into consideration the degree and types of offences he was charged with, I will improve the security of the medium security correctional facility, closer to his home area so that he cannot escape from the prison. If I was a warden, I will have different search procedures for sentenced and awaiting trial detainees. This is because sentenced and awaiting trial detainees are governed by different laws and have different rights. However, both of them are not dangerous, but the chances of both of them to have weapons or other information are equally high (Siegel & Senna, 2009). In addition, I will use different search procedures for sentenced and awaiting trial detainees because the essence of searching each of them is different. For instance, a detainee awaiting trial is searched for evidence, and other harmful substances and weapons. On the other hand, a sentenced detainee is only searched for harmful substances and weapons. Thus, the two groups of detainees fall in different categories, which call for different search

Control Of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health And Social Care Essay

Control Of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health And Social Care Essay The purpose of this paper is to first discuss the public health impact of STIs, followed by the approaches to their control/prevention in the UK. Unfortunately the public health impact of STIs is negative as it causes or contributes to ill-health. In the UK and other parts of the world, STIs pose enormous challenges for the public health which may be individual well-being, mental health or the burden on health costs. Focus of this paper will be mainly on genital Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV/AIDS, and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV [genital warts]) amongst other STIs due to the reported high rates of infection. Sexually transmitted infections affect people of all ages with the greatest occurrence amongst those under the age of 25 years (Nicoll, 1999; Johnson, 2001). In the UK, certain groups of populations are affected more than others thus creating sexual health inequalities. Primary and secondary syphilis occurs more often in the African community than it does in the White community. Gonorrhoea is reported more commonly among some ethnic minorities while Chlamydia infection rates are disproportionately high in the under 25s. Data on ethnic differences in behaviour and infection susceptibility are meagre and the observed differences are not accounted for. Poverty could be attributable to the high incidence rates in the ethnic minorities as STIs are more common in ethnic minorities than among the white majority which might also be a link between an increased risk and belonging to a minority population. In 2004, women aged 16-24 accounted for 74% of all Chlamydia diagnoses in the UK (anonymo us). Chlamydia rate of infectivity at national level for young people aged 15-24 is one in nine supporting the level of sexual activity in that group (NHS, n.d). The conquest of the majority of communicable disease has been one of the main successes of modern medicine. The diseases have presented the highest causes of mortality and morbidity prior the twentieth century. Until the mid twentieth century in Britain, particularly for women, the pleasures of sex were tempered by the dangers of poor health and social outcomes. However, with the development of modern antibiotics and effective vaccines, communicable diseases menace has mostly been contained and remarkably sex became safer. Although sex became safer, STIs rates have significantly increased in recent years in the UK predominantly from unsafe sex practices arising from various factors like sexual risk behaviours and poor infection control. They have become a major public health concern as highlighted in the National Strategy for Sexual Health and HIV (Department of Health, 2001). The 16-24 year age group comprising of only 25% of the sexually active population but with the largest diagnosis of STI cases of almost 50% of newly acquired infections. Control of STIs is complicated since many of them are asymptomatic. The economic impact caused by STIs is huge on health services with high costs mostly experienced in the management of infection complications in women. However, older women and men are also at risk especially those entering into new relationships after breaking up from a long-standing relationship. Hence there is ample requirement for protecting, supporting and restoring sexual health in people. Public Health Impact of Sexually Transmitted infections in the UK History Syphilis and gonorrhoea records have been collected for more than 80 years. In England, Wales and Scotland, diagnosis of syphilis and gonorrhoea was recorded highest in 1946, which coincided with the coming back of the armed forces after World War II (Figure 1). A sharp drop was subsequently detected and was linked to the use of penicillin and the re-establishment of social stability. Figure 1: Numbers of diagnoses of syphilis (primary, secondary and early latent) by sex, GUM clinics, England, Wales and Scotland*, 1931 2003. *Corresponding Scotland and Ireland data are excluded as they are not complete from 1925 to 2003. Source: KC60 statutory returns and ISD(D) 5 data. During the sixties and seventies, there was a stable rise in STIs diagnosis owing to more relaxed mind-sets to sexual behaviour. There was an upsurge in cases of Syphilis in males, while in women the number of cases continued to be stable. This implied sex among men during that time turned out to be the main route of transmission (CDC, 1999). Yet an increase in diagnosis was recorded in both males and females for gonorrhoea, genital warts and genital herpes signifying that these infections were acquired during heterosexual sex. Probably the rise in a small number of the STIs could have resulted from enhanced diagnostic sensitivity or public awareness, adding to higher rates of infectivity. However, in the early eighties, HIV and AIDS were first reported which supposedly had considerable effect on other serious STIs. A brisk drop of syphilis and gonorrhoea diagnosis was experienced in early to mid- eighties. This happened simultaneously with the widespread AIDS coverage of embracing of safer sex behaviours, and resulted in a subsequent decline in transmission of HIV amongst male homosexuals (Bosch, 1995). Sexually Transmitted Infections Trends Since 1999 to mid 2004, cases of Chlamydia infection rose by 108%, gonorrhoea by 87% and infectious syphilis by 486%. Still the young people bear the greatest burden. In 2001, women under 20 years of age had reported cases of 42% from gonorrhoea and 36% of Chlamydia. As reported by the Department of Health (DH), diagnosis of new STIs and other STI diagnosed cases in the UK such as re-infections made in genitourinary medicine clinics (GUM) showed a gradual rise in 1999-2008. The introduction of the National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) in 2003 and other health screens in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and in 2005 in Scotland resulted in an increase of sexual health screens from 759,770 to 1,219,308. For the same period, there was an increase of HIV tests recorded from 520,278 to 951,148. In 2008, uncomplicated infections from Chlamydia, syphilis, genital warts, and genital herpes rose considerably from 1999. Yet for the same year, cases of new diagnosis of gonorrhoea and syphilis were reported to have dropped. The National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (NATSSAL) identified sexual behaviour as the risk of acquiring an STI in the young age groups. The factors included lower age at time of having sexual intercourse for the first time, partners frequently changed, increased likelihood of being involved with concurrent partnerships, irregular use of condoms and the increased chances of being involved with a partner from a high-risk area of the world other than UK (Hughes, 2000; Johnson, 2001, Mueller, 2008; Skinner, 2010). However, the young people act as a core group for the risk of onward transmission to other groups. Thus prevention should be mostly targeted at this core group which would result in economic benefits. Literature Review Sexually transmitted infections still exert a major toll on the human population in the UK and other nations worldwide. Bacterial and protozoan infections are curable with antimicrobial therapy, while viral infections are treatable but not curable in the classic sense. STIs can cause immediate pain and suffering, profound psychosocial stress, and serious, long-term health consequences. Many STIs are asymptomatic, and surveillance systems to track STIs are incomplete in developed and developing countries. STIs have been shown to be important cofactors in HIV transmission (Fleming, 1999). New approaches to STI control and prevention are needed to reduce the spread of infection and minimize associated suffering. Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis is the most widespread bacterial pathogen transmitted through infected secretions and mucous membranes of urethra, cervix, rectum, conjunctivae and throat following unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner. In addition, an infected mother can infect her baby during vaginal delivery. It is the most commonly diagnosed STI in individuals under 25 years in the UK (Fenton, et al, 2001; Creighton, et al, 2003). Most people infected with Chlamydia show no symptoms until a diagnostic test is performed and in most cases they do not seek medical care. Thus, in those individuals affected by the disease, if efficient and effective health measures are not administered, the STI has the potential of causing a significant amount of health complications to womens well-being including infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease (Golden, et al, 2000; Garnett, 2008). There is also greater risk in those with recurring infection and untreated infections to spread to other reproductive organs resulting in chronic pelvic pains (La Montagne, et al, 2007). The number of diagnosed episodes of Chlamydia infection has been rising over the past 10 years (Figure 1). Furthermore, the economic impact of Chlamydia infections on the health service is enormous with high cost in the management of female health complications arising from Chlamydia infection (Garside, 2001). Because of the impact of Chlamydia infection on the health of young people, it is important to identify and treat infected patients and their partners and as a result reduce the burden of the disease on the people and health systems. Figure 1: Rates of genital Chlamydia infection by sex and age group (1995 2004). Source: Health Protection Agency, London In men Chlamydia infection causes epididymo-orchitis and urethritis. Also rectal pain, discharge and bleeding occur from proctitis which is from infection of the rectal mucosa. Additionally, since the incubation phase of gonorrhoea is less than that of Chlamydia, individuals can develop dysuria after their treatment for gonorrhoea causing postgonococcal urethritis. HIV/AIDS In nearly three decades, ever since HIV was first identified, HIV infection has turned out to be a deadly disease and has caused a disturbing adversity to humans, in almost all areas of life. In the early eighties, when the first few cases of AIDS were reported, few might have realised its propensity to become a global public health problem. The UK is facing a sexual health crisis. Between 1999 and 2002, HIV prevalence rose by about 20% annually, and almost a third of HIV-positive individuals did not know their HIV status (HPA, n.d.). Furthermore, the increase in rates of HIV infections could be brought about by the rise in STI incidences in the public as already highlighted in this paper. The number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV increased by 55% from 2000 to 2002 (DH, n.d.). In 2004, a minimum of 49 000 individuals had HIV in England. In the late 1980s and early 1990s in the UK there was a significant drop in STIs figures in reaction to the awareness campaigns on HIV. The disturbing extent of its increase, infection, very long incubation phase, secondary susceptibility of spread and the absence of a vaccine to prevent it calls for the attainment of comprehensive information about the disease. Currently AIDS prevention mainly relies on health education and behavioural modifications based on AIDS awareness, predominantly in the high risk group of young people. Gonorrhoea Gonorrhoea infection is caused by an organism, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) which is highly infectious and a bacterial sexually transmitted pathogen. In heterosexuals, its occurrence is associated with age (90%) asymptomatic in the rectum and oropharynx in both women and men (Hook, 1999; Knox, 2002). In the GUM clinics and various health services, testing for N. gonorrhoeae is a core factor of screening for STIs. Although there is not much evidence to direct testing, every mucosal site correlated with the disease symptoms ought to be tested for infection (Barlow, 1978; Harry, 1997; CDC, 2002; Ghanem, 2004; Bergen, 2006). Screening measures are subjective to an individuals sexual history and repeat screening may be encouraged (Miller, 2003). Gonorrhoea incidence falls by 11% in the UK: The number of new gonorrhoea infections in the United Kingdom fell from 18 649 in 2007 to 16 629 in 2008, the lowest number recorded since 1999. Syphilis Syphilis is caused by infection from Teponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, is a mucocutaneous STI with high infectivity the early infectious stages. It may also be transmitted through the placenta in pregnant women from week nine of gestation onwards. Screening is recommended for all asymptomatic patients attending GUM clinic or those attending other health services are referred appropriately (Nicoll, 2002). Incidence of syphilis also showed a 4% fall, from 2633 in 2007 to 2524 in 2008, (HPA, n.d). Over the last year, there has been almost three times the number of heterosexual cases of syphilis in south London than were diagnosed in 2001 (25 in 2001, 72 in 2002 and over 40 cases in the first five months of this year) (HPA, 2008). Human Papilloma Virus The spread of genital HPV is normally spread during intimate, skin to skin or sexual contact. It is also asymptomatic and can be dormant for years. HPV high risk strains are 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45, which are likely to increase the probability of getting cervical cancer. These strains exist in nearly every woman with cancer of the cervix. Although HPV testing is still not regularly accessible, the National Health Service is considering it to be included in the screening programme of cancer of the cervix. Women who test positive for high risk types of HPV are more likely to need treatment for borderline or mildly abnormal cervical smears. Although in ninety percent of HPV cases, clearance of the virus occurs naturally within two years. Yet, continued use of condoms may possibly facilitate in lowering the risk of infection from genital HPV. Infection from HVP is now being prevented through administration of vaccines for types of HPV that causes cervical cancer. The Gardasil and Cervarix cervical cancer vaccines were licensed in the UK in 2007. However, the genital warts strains 6 and 11 which can be diagnosed by inspecting the genital area of an individual and are usually in the form of small (or large) bump or groups of bumps. They normally develop within weeks or months following sexual contact with an infected partner who might be asymptomatic. Sometimes if treatment is not administered, they might disappear, or remain unaltered and not cancerous. Approaches to prevention and Control of sexually transmitted infections The health of the people and the social and economic success of the UK are extremely connected. The related economic and social costs to public health are enormous and surpass UKs future. Marmots (2010) six recommendations further support the prevention and control of STIs in UKs population. In two of the six recommendations he states that, enabling all children, young people and adults to maximise their capabilities and have control over their lives and that of strengthening the role and impact of ill-health excellent well-being over their lives. It is vital that UKs population is educated on sexual health issues so that they are able to make well informed sex decisions that contribute to their well-being and reducing the burden caused by STIs. Marmots report further emphasised other research work (Picket Wilkinson, 2009) that it is not only the poor who suffer from the effects of inequality, but the majority of the population. High priority should therefore be given to the integra tion of STI control measures into primary health care. The worldwide interest in and resources committed to preventing AIDS provide a unique opportunity for health workers to make considerable progress in controlling the other STIs. Sexually transmitted infection control programmes have been and will continue to be the most prominent in public health management and have been at an increase since the mid nineties with rates of unwanted pregnancies still being reported to be high. Strategies to prevent transmission of organisms spread by intimate human contact must remain flexible and adapt to the social, technical, clinical, financial and political realities. A strategy of primary prevention, based on sexual behavioural change combined with the provision of adequate clinical services, is vital for the control of STI. In response to the re-emergence of these diseases in the UK, it was decided by the Department of Health to open for the first time ever STD clinics across the country to help reduce the burden of the STIs. These clinics are staffed with a multidisciplinary group of specialists that offer sexual health services to different age groups of the community. Given the unequal burden of STIs for young people, it is imperative to ascertain effective prevention programmes. Although enhancing access to Chlamydia testing has been an important and urgent focus of Chlamydia awareness programmes and has led to renewed efforts to increase access to Chlamydia testing (WHO, 2001; Santer 2000; Santer, 2003). As more people including this identified group learn their Chlamydia status, and in recognition of the long latent period of the disease before symptoms prevail, factors related to Chlamydia awareness remain crucial to identify in order to design comprehensive Chlamydia management services that meet the needs of the population at risk of infection (Brabin, et al, 2009). A study by Shiely, et al (2009) showed that in Ireland, age specific behavioural interventions could be effective by targeting increased use of condoms to decrease STI incidences. Also in order to boost condom use, a 5% reduction from 13.5% in taxation on condoms could be implemented at policy level. Other studies also revealed age as a risk factor for STI transmission and to that regard there should be enhanced sex education promotion to the target group to enhance behavioural changes (Manhart, et al, 2004; Fenton, et al, 2005). A further study also showed that diagnosis of a viral STI was not associated with multiple partners but however it was possible for females who had more than one sexual partner to be more likely to use protection since they will be more experienced and aware of STI infection (Fenton, et al, 2005). Although condom use has increased in prevalence almost everywhere, but rates remain low in the UK and many other developing countries. The huge variation indicates mainly social and economic determinants of sexual behaviour, which have implications for intervention. Although individual behaviour change is central to improving sexual health, efforts are also needed to address the broader determinants of sexual behaviour, particularly those that relate to the social context. The evidence from behavioural interventions is that no general approach to sexual-health promotion will work everywhere and no single-component intervention will work anywhere. Comprehensive behavioural interventions are needed that take account of the social context in mounting individual-level programmes, attempt to modify social norms to support uptake and maintenance of behaviour change, and tackle the structural factors that contribute to risky sexual behaviour. Accomplishing excellent sexual health for the population of the UK has always created its own distinctive challenges. Meagre sexual health is often disproportionately impacting on those who are already at risk and experiencing inequalities, for instance the young people, black and minority ethnic groups, those in lower socio-economic class, and gay men. While there has been so much public health interest and commitment of resources to preventing AIDS, an opportunity exists for health workers to make significant progress in the control of other STIs as well. Thus the need for comprehensive behavioural interventions that would tackle the social context for individual-level programmes, support and sustainability of behavioural change, and the structural factors that is contributory to risky sexual behaviour. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) suggested the need for health professionals to identify individuals at higher risk of becoming infected with STIs, ascertained by ones sexual history, and organize one to one talks to minimise the risk of infection. However, the sexual health guidance recommends a variety of circumstances for assessing risk of infections which include opportunities where a health professional discusses with a patient contraception, abortion or pregnancy or when conducting cervical smear test, giving an STI test, giving travel immunisation, and during regular care or a new registration by a patient. Any individual identified to be at high risk of getting infected, should be referred to trained health worker for one-to-one talks in an attempt to minimise risky behaviour. Additionally for those who have been tested positive, should be assisted in having their partners tested and treated. Responsibility for the National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) was taken over in 2005 by the Health Protection Agency from the Department of Health. Screening is conducted in various locations across the UK, the main ones being youth services, community contraceptive services, general practices, education premises (universities or colleges). Statistics for the programme have revealed that more women are getting screened than men, while an increased number of men are testing positive. Efforts are still being made in most areas to attempt to tackle this variance in trying to reach out to the young men. More partnership work is required to tackle the variances including that of offering screening in health clubs such as gyms and boxing clubs. Although diagnostic testing in sexual health has now been increasingly quicker and easier for patients and the staff, it is crucial that care was personalised especially when engaging with a health worker. Since STIs are prevalent in both asy mptomatic and symptomatic individuals, due to their behaviour, diagnosis, management and follow up require skilled and trained individuals. If a health worker is adequately trained and has knowledge of STIs, it helps in preparing the patient for an STI test and understanding the effects if the test was to be positive.

Internet Censorship Essay - We Need Censorship to Protect Children Online :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

We Need Censorship to Protect Children Online    One Source Cited  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper will elaborate the reasons why minors deserve legislative protection while using the internet, and how to implement this protection.    Most families agree that the custody, care, and nurture of the child resides first with the parent. On the other hand, the widespread availability of the Internet presents opportunities for minors to access materials through the World Wide Web in a manner that can frustrate parental supervision or control, for example, at the local public library(Morales). The protection of the physical and psychological well- being of minors by shielding them from materials that are harmful to them is a compelling interest to most parents.    To date, while the industry has developed innovative ways to help parents and educators restrict material that is harmful to minors through parental control protections and self-regulation, such efforts have not provided a national solution to the problem of minors accessing harmful material on the World Wide Web. Notwithstanding the existence of protections that limit the distribution over the World Wide Web of material that is harmful to minors, parents, educators, and industry must continue efforts to find ways to protect children from being exposed to harmful material found on the Internet.    Meanwhile, a prohibition on the distribution of material harmful to minors, combined with legitimate defenses, is currently the most effective and least restrictive means by which to satisfy the compelling interest of parents.    Such prohibition should include the following conduct: Whoever knowingly and with knowledge of the character of the material, in interstate or foreign commerce by means of the World Wide Web, makes any communication for commercial purposes that is available to any minor and that includes any material that is harmful to minors shall be fined and possibly imprisoned. Intentional repetition of this violation should accrue greater penalties.    This prohibition should not apply to carriers and other internet service providers, including:    (1) a telecommunications carrier engaged in the provision of a telecommunications service; (2) a person engaged in the business of providing an Internet access service; (3) a person engaged in the business of providing an Internet information location tool; or (4) similarly engaged in the transmission, storage, retrieval, hosting, formatting, or translation (or any combination thereof) of a communication made by another person, without selection or alteration of the content of the communication.

Licensed Casino Gambling Essay

Individual effects: Is gambling generally harmful to the individual gambler?| Yes * Gambling is irrational and reckless and should, therefore, be regulated by the government. There may be the possibility of winning a big prize, but the overwhelming likelihood is that a gambler will lose money. This is ensured by the fact that Casinos are profit-minded organizations, and calculate their odds so that they will always make a profit. Because gamblers are always likely to lose and suffer as a result, the activity can be seen in many ways as an irrational engagement.Gambling attracts people with little money who are desperate for a windfall. These are the people who can least afford to lose money. They should be protected from the temptation to gamble.| NoContention that the general individual losses from gambling are justified by it being a fun and leisurely activity worth â€Å"paying† for: Gamblers know that, overall, they are likely to lose money. They gamble because it is a lei sure pursuit that they enjoy. There is nothing irrational about this. Some people get an enjoyable thrill from the remote possibility that they might win a huge prize – even if they lose, they enjoy the experience. Some forms of gambling are highly sociable. For example, many people go to bingo halls to spend time with friends. Society accepts people spending (â€Å"wasting†?) money on other leisure pursuits with no material benefits (e.g. cinema tickets, watching sport) – gambling should not be any different. It is patronizing to suggest that people, including those on low incomes, should not be able to choose how they spend their money. * Psychological benefits of gambling: Some argue that gambling offers psychological benefits. The psychological benefits may include: 1. A feeling of control (which some describe as God-like). 2. Confidence that extends from feelings of executive control in decision-making. 3. Benefits in the ability to psycho-analyze other peoples thoughts, and placing mone yed interests and incentives behind the results of such psycho-analysis.[1] 4. Total engagement and â€Å"peak experience†. â€Å"It provides the gambler with ‘peak experience,’ that godlike feeling when all of one’s physical and emotional senses are ‘go.'†[2] 5. The release from daily tension. 6. Feelings of exercising â€Å"‘the adventurer within us’ – that part of ourselves which lusts for change, the wooing of the unknown, change, danger, all that is new†¦It is part of what makes us human.†[3] 7. Feelings of engaging in a ubiquitous, historical human tradition. 8. Emotions of non-conformity and freedom. One source quoted a gambler who said, â€Å"All day long you do what them dumb bastard supervisors tell you. Don’t make no difference whether it makes sense or not. Sometimes you just gotta get out of line.†[4] * Gambling increases individual efficiency: Studies show that, contrary to popular belief, gambling is by and large beneficial to the gambler and increases rather than decreases his efficiency. It is beneficial in that it stimulates, offers hope, allows decision making, and, in many cases,| Crime effects: Does gambling cause an increase in various kinds of related criminal activities?| [][Edit]Yes * Casinos are often a ssociated with criminal activity. Drug dealers and prostitutes operate near casinos – they know that there are a large number of potential clients in the area. Casinos can therefore be devastating to neighborhoods.| [][Edit]No * People committing crimes should be prosecuted. The existence of criminals does not make nearby businesses (including casinos) immoral. It is perverse to punish people who just want to gamble (and not take drugs or use prostitutes) by taking away their chance to do so.| Bad industry? Are casinos an industry with bad merit? Is nothing of value produced by casinos?| Yes * Casinos don’t produce any â€Å"product†: Many contend that gambling is inappropriate because it does not generate any tangible product. One commentators says that gambling â€Å"is an ethereal substance–â€Å"a biological substance†Ã¢â‚¬â€œthat produces â€Å"highs†¦generated usually by anticipation.†[5]| No * Contention that casinos are involved in the entertainment business, and need not produce a tangible product: Gambling is a form of entertainment that is similar to many other forms of entertainment; the objective is merely to foster a desired emotional response from the audience. Movies, theater, fair-grounds, concerts, sporting-events, and casinos are all similar in that their primary function is to foster an environment of entertainment. That is their â€Å"product†, which need not be physical in order to be viewed as valuable.| Addiction: Is gambling commonly addictive, and would this be a reason for regulating it?| Yes * Gambling is addictive. Many people end up gambling to try to recover money they have already lost. This is known as ‘chasing losses’. It results in people staking more and more money, most of which they will lose. Gambling addicts often turn to crime to feed their addiction. Addiction is highly damaging to families, since gamblers will spend whatever money they can on gambling. People start to gamble without thinking that they will become addicted. Once they become addicted, it is too late. As with drugs, it is better to ban gambling to stop people getting started in the first place. * Analogy that gambling truly is like a drug, and should be treated as a controlled substance: * It is â€Å"drug-like† in the way that it dramatically utilizes human chemicals: William M. Th ompson, â€Å"Gambling: A Controlled Substance†, PBS Interview, 1994 – â€Å"Is the comparison of drugs and gambling unfair? Consider the words of Thomas R. O’Brien, formerly Director of Gaming Enforcement for the state of New Jersey. In 1984 he told a conference on gambling that the success of Atlantic City was tied to how well it sold its ‘only products.’ He then said: ‘That product is not entertainment or recreation or leisure. It’s really adrenaline: a biological substance capable of producing excitement–highs and generated usually by anticipation or expectation of a future event, especially when the outcome of that event is in doubt.’ According to chief regulator of the industry, gambling was not only a drug, but a mind-altering drug.† * The addictive and destructive nature of gambling is also drug-like:William M. Thompson, â€Å"Gambling: A Controlled Substance†, PBS Interview, 1994 – â€Å"Where governments do not prohibit, the majority can exercise self-control. Seventy-five percent gamble responsibly. They find it an entertaining diversion. But another 20 percent overindulge. They incur debts that impair abilities to support their families, unless they stop. Usually they can. Four percent cannot stop without intervention of others. Then there are the one-half to one percent (and these are conservative estimates) who fall into destructive behaviors when exposed to gambling. Families are destroyed, friendships broken, employment disrupted. Cycles of deception and crime lead to ruined lives–and in many cases, suicide.†| No * Contention that gambling is not physically addictive: Unlike drugs, gambling is not physically addictive. It is only psychologically addictive in some people. Only a small percentage of gamblers have an addiction. Many more get enjoyment from gambling without problems – why should these people suffer because a few others get addicted? The risks of gambling addiction are well known. People can make a conscious choice to start gambling, and are aware of the risks of addiction. Treatment programmes can address the problems of those who are addicted.| Economic harm? Do casinos casinos cause economic harm or provide very few economic benefits?| Yes * The long-term economic negatives outweigh the short-term economic gains: John Warren Kind, â€Å"The Business-Economic Impacts of Licensed Casino Gambling in West Virginia: Short-Term Gain but Long-Term Pain†, PBS, 1994 – â€Å"While the dollars invested in various legalized gambling projects and the jobs initially created are evident, the industry has been criticized for inflating the positive economic impacts and trivializing or ignoring the negative impacts (Goodman 1994). The industry’s tendency to focus on specialized factors provides a distorted view of the localized economic positives, while ignoring the strategic business-economic costs to the state as a whole (such as West Virginia) and to different regions of the United States (California Governor’s Office 1992, Kindt 1995). In 1994, all of the various experts who testified before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Small Business criticized the impacts that casino-style gambling activities inflict upon the criminal justice system, the social welfare, system, small businesses, and the economy (Congressional Hearing 1994). Utilizing legalized gambling activities as a strategy for economic development was thoroughly discredited during the hearing.† * The actual economic benefits of casinos are exaggerated. They generally only create low-paid jobs for local people; the casino companies usually bring in managers from elsewhere. * There are too many economic â€Å"exte rnalities† surrounding gambling, which nullify the benefits: * Crime – * Risky behavior – Compulsive gambling may foster poor, sometimes risky money-management habits. These habits may transfer over to other areas of the economy, where risky behaviors translate into a higher likelihood of loss in various markets. * Time consumption – Compulsive gambling often entails significant time consumption, which detracts from more productive ends. * Jobs could be created through many other industries that cause fewer moral and practical problems (e.g. theme parks). * Any economic benefits would not matter, if the industry is deemed immoral: * Estimated losses from compulsive gambling: William M. Thompson, â€Å"Gambling: A Controlled Substance†, PBS Interview, 1994 – â€Å"Conservative numbers suggest it costs society $13,000 per year for each compulsive gambler. The losses include treatment costs, lost productivity, criminal activity and judicial costs. Estimating that widespread gambling across America would create one million compulsive gamblers, the resulting annual economic loss would exceed $13 billion.†| No * Casinos cause money to be spent on transport infrastructure, which is very beneficial to economies: * Casinos help the tourism industry of a place: The jobs are not just in the casino itself. More jobs are created in hotels and other parts of the tourism industry. * Examples in which casinos have helped to regenerate many places that previously had considerable poverty and social problems: * Atlantic City. * New Jersey. * Legalized gambling on reservations is very important to Native American tribes: Anthony Pico, Chairman of the Viejas Indians, explains the benefits to his tribe of legalized gambling on his tribe’s reservation in a PBS interview.[6]| Social welfare effects: Are the charitable generations from gambling substantial, and can this go toward justifying their existence?| Yes * It is immoral for the state or charities to raise money by exploiting people’s stupidity and greed. * Gambling is regressive (this means that the poor pay a greater proportion of their income in tax than the rich). This is because poor people are more likely to gamble. Regressive taxation is deeply unfair. * â€Å"Legalized gambling activities act as a regressive tax on the poor† (Clotfelter and Cook 1989). Specifically, the legalization of various forms of gambling activities makes â€Å"poor people poorer† and can dramatically intensify many pre-existing social-welfare problems. Demographic analyses reveal that certain disadvantaged socioeconomic groups tend to gamble proportionately greater amounts of their overall income and marketing efforts, particularly by state lotteries, have allegedly been directed at these target groups.† – John Warren Kind, â€Å"The Business-Economic Impacts of Licensed Casino Gambling in West Virginia: Short-Term Gain but Long-Term Pain†, PBS, 1994 * Contention that education is harmed by gambling practices: Kind, PBS, 1994 – â€Å"Legalized gambling activities also negatively affect education– both philosophically and fiscally (Better Government Association 1992; Clotfelter and Cook 1989). Adherence to a philosophy of making a living via gambling activities not only abrogates the perceived need for an education, but also reinforces economically unproductive activities (and is statistically impossible since the ‘house’ always wins eventually). In states with legalized gambling activities which were initiated allegedly to bolster tax revenues to ‘education,’ the funding in ‘real dollars’ has almost uniformly decreased.†| No * Gambling is often used to raise money for the state or good causes. Charities use prize draws to raise funds:| Should online gambling be banned?| Yes * Internet gambling is especially dangerous. Someone can become addicted very easily – they don’t even need to leave their home. This also means that they are gambling in private. They may therefore be less reluctant to wager very large sums they cannot afford. It is very hard to know the identity of an online gambler – there have been several cases of people (including children) using stolen credit cards to gamble online. Online gambling may be hard to control but that is not a reason to try – making an activity more difficult to pursue will still reduce the number of those who take it up. It is not impossible to put effective deterrent steps in place, such as the recent US ban on American banks processing credit card payments to internet ].| No * It is impossible to stop online gambling. When it has been banned, people have just used sites based in other countries. It is better to legalize and regulate online gambling than to drive gamblers to poorly-regulated foreign operators. Regulation can reduce the problems identified by the proposition. For example, online gamblers can be required to give personal details when registering (e.g. occupation, income). If this information suggests they are spending more than they can afford, the company can block their credit card. In any case, most online gamblers do not get addicted. Why should they be denied an activity that they enjoy?|